The Andhra Pradesh government has recently adopted a unique approach to combat mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue by releasing Gambusia fish, commonly known as mosquitofish, from the state’s water bodies. To address the alarming number of dengue cases in Andhra Pradesh, around 10 million Gambusia fishes have been introduced into the state’s water bodies. Gambusia affinis (G. affinis), a fish native to the southeastern US, has been chosen because of its ability to effectively control mosquito populations by feeding on mosquito larvae.
Regardless of the intended purpose, the release of Gambusia fish has raised concerns about potential harm to native species in freshwater bodies. The invasive nature of Gambusia fish poses a threat to existing ecosystems, as they can outcompete and prey on native species. Aggressive behavior has been observed in Gambusia fish in studies, such as eating the eggs of competing fish and tadpoles of frogs.
Mosquitofish have been part of malaria control programs in India for many years, with experts suggesting alternative approaches. A publication from the World Health Organization warns against releasing exotic fish species into the natural environment, highlighting the potential negative effects on local species and aquatic animals. Instead, experts recommend focusing on native fish species that naturally control mosquito larvae and encourage their release into the natural environment.